Perfume, eau de parfum or eau de toilette : what are the differences?
Written on 9 June 2020
Choosing between eau de toilette, eau de parfum, and perfume is not an easy task. These are not simple designations—the difference lies in the concentration of the product. Many users have a hard time finding their way around and therefore choosing the right bottle. To better understand what makes them different and to use them wisely, you need to find out more about their composition and function. So, which one should you choose between eau de toilette, eau de parfum or perfume?
A story of concentration
Eau de toilette, eau de parfum, and perfume are mainly distinguished by their concentration. The difference in the concentration of essential oils and raw materials determines the duration and intensity of the fragrance.
As a general rule, a more concentrated product, such as perfume or eau de parfum, is more expensive because it contains a greater quantity of pure raw materials. This factor should be taken into account when making a purchase, as it has a direct influence on the olfactory experience, the longevity of the fragrance, and the amount of product needed to achieve the desired result.
The base concentrate is a blend of pure raw materials (essential oils, natural absolutes, and/or synthetic materials); this blend is diluted in alcohol to facilitate diffusion.
The concentration is the percentage of dilution of the concentrate in alcohol. There are no official regulations on this subject, so concentrations vary depending on the brand and fragrance. The ranges indicated below are orders of magnitude according to current perfumery standards.
At the Galimard Perfume House
The formula for each fragrance, and therefore its base concentrate, remains the same for all concentrations.
Perfume (perfume extract, essence, or extract) is the most concentrated preparation, with a percentage generally between 20 and 30% of raw materials diluted in alcohol. It does not contain water.
Eau de parfum (EDP) has a percentage of essences between 15 and 20%.
Eau de toilette (EDT) is the least concentrated solution, with a percentage varying between 8 and 15%, depending on the fragrance.
The proportions of this mixture indicate the intensity of the fragrance and the name given to the solution. When you apply perfume, the water and alcohol evaporate, leaving only the fragrant essences on the skin.
The consequences of these differences in concentration are a difference in price (the more concentrated the product, the more raw materials it contains, and the higher its price) and a difference in how long it lasts and how it is applied.
Perfume, an intoxicating concentrate
Perfume, or perfume extract, is the most concentrated and therefore the most luxurious formula. Its longevity and intensity make it a preferred choice for special occasions. Thanks to its high concentration, perfume offers an enchanting sensation that can last all day, or even longer.
In addition, due to its high cost, it is often best to use small amounts to fully enjoy the richness of its scent.
The quality of the raw materials used in perfume is what sets it apart from eau de toilette and eau de parfum, creating a more opulent and refined olfactory experience.
As perfume is the most concentrated solution, its scent is more sustained and intoxicating, and just a few drops are enough. Be sure to apply it sparingly to the areas of your skin where heat is concentrated (“pulse points”): a few drops behind the ears, on the décolleté, on the inside of the wrists or elbows. This will allow the fragrance to last all day and even longer.
Its more concentrated composition makes it a more intense and luxurious product, but also more expensive.
Eau de parfum, your long-lasting ally
Eau de parfum is often the preferred choice for those seeking a fragrance that is both long-lasting and subtly intense. With a concentration of essential oils between 10 and 15%, it lasts longer than eau de toilette and is more affordable than perfume. Its enveloping effect is perfect for everyday occasions and times when you need a fragrance that stands the test of time. If you are looking for a long-lasting fragrance, eau de parfum is the best compromise, offering a lingering sensation on the skin while allowing for multiple applications.
Its concentration, diffusion, and longevity are perfectly suited for everyday use.
Being more volatile than perfume, eau de parfum can also be sprayed on your neck or clothing (be careful with light or delicate fabrics, however).
You can rely on it every day, and reapply it in the evening to restore the intensity of the fragrance worn throughout the day.
Eau de toilette, freshness and discretion
Eau de toilette is ideal for people looking for a light and discreet fragrance. Its relatively low concentration (between 8 and 10%) makes it less intense than perfume or eau de parfum, but it has the advantage of being ideal for everyday use.
Eau de toilette is often associated with fresh and invigorating scents, perfect for summer days when you want a fragrance that fades effortlessly.
Thanks to its fairly low concentration, it is characterized by its lightness, subtlety, and freshness. Its composition has an invigorating effect on the skin. Being more fleeting than eau de parfum, it is often preferred in summer. However, eau de toilette will need to be reapplied several times throughout the day.
Finally : what is Cologne ?
Eau de Cologne (EDC) is a low-concentration fragrance solution, typically around 2 to 5%. Although its refreshing effect is appreciated, it is often less long-lasting than other types of perfume.
Its low concentration of essential oils makes it ideal for a light, quick, and convenient fragrance for clothing or hot days. Perfect for younger generations or those who want a temporary feeling of freshness.
These are generally compositions with a single dominant floral (soliflore), fruity, or aromatic note. It is simple to make and remains one of the most accessible products.
What should you remember?
- Choose a perfume or eau de parfum for a long-lasting scent. These more concentrated products will give you optimal hold all day long.
- If you prefer a light and discreet fragrance, opt for eau de toilette, which is ideal for summer use.
- Eau de Cologne is perfect for a quick, refreshing effect, or for times when a light fragrance is desired.
- Choose your product according to the season, the occasion, and the amount you wish to apply.
- Concentration alone does not indicate quality: the composition, the balance of notes, and the raw materials are also decisive factors.
- Choose perfume or eau de parfum in winter for a warm, enveloping effect, and eau de toilette in summer for a fresh, invigorating sensation.
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